This manual provides a comprehensive introduction into the field of ophthalmology, the basic diagnostic methods of eye disorders, and the necessary equipment to diagnose and  treat patients.

Preface.........................................................................................7
History.......................................................................................... 9
Examination................................................................................10
Ophthalmic Equipment................................................................................................11
Visual acuity.............................................................................................13
Refraction.................................................................................................18
Ocular motility examination..................................................................22
Examination of the pupils......................................................................37
Visual field examination.........................................................................40
Colour vision examination..................................................46
External examination.....................................................................48
Slit lamp biomicroscopy................................................................52
Gonioscopy.......................................................................................55
Tonometry.........................................................................................61
Posterior segment examination....................................................64